Pendulum-level



(No Model.)

\J. G. DOHERTY.

PENDULUM LEVEL.y

No. 313,292. Patented Mar. 3, 1885.

WITNBSSBS: l INVENTOR 55% I ATTORN Y UNTTn` STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMESG. DOHERTY, OF NVATERBURY, CONNECTICUT.

PENDULUM-LEVEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,292, dated March 3, 1885.

Application filed August 28, 1884. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES G. DOHERTY, residing at Vaterbury, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Carpeuters7 Levels, and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specioation.

My invention relates to an improvement in that class of carpenters levels in which the indications are made by means of a delicatelysuspended weight, the object being to produce an article of such description which shall be comprehensive and accurate in its indications, self-proving, easy to operate and to read, practically unaffected by atmospheric conditions, and simple and compact in construction.

With these ends in view myinvention consists in a level in which the indications are made by a weighted needle suspendedin universal bearings.

My invention further consists in certain details of construction and combinations of parts, as willA be hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims. I

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side view of one form which a level embodying my invention may assume, the same being shown partly in elevation and partly in section. Fig. 2 is a similar plan view oi' the device; and Fig. 3-is a perspective view thereof in position for gaging perpendicular surfaces.

As herein shown, the indicating-needle A is provided at its lower end with a plummet, B, and suspended at a point above its center in universal bearings, consisting of a collet, C, secured to the needle7 and provided with journals D, a ring, E, in which the said journals are mounted, and provided with journals F, located at right angles to the journals D aforesaid, and bearings G, secured to and depending from a plate, H, set in iiush with the upper face of the frame I of the level, and having thejournals F mounted in them. The needle and its bearings are located in a suitable open chamber, J, formed in the frame of the level, Which frame is also provided with transverse openings K and L, respectively, designed. to expose the point and weight of the needle from either side of the device. The opening K is framed in with metallic plates M, while the lower wall of the opening L is covered with a plate, N, as shown. The frane is also recessed, as at O, to receive the bearings G, in which the journals of the ring are mounted, as described. A delicate wire, P, extending in the transverse line of the frame across a circular opening, Q, formed in the plate F aforesaid, forms a gage for expressing the deviations of the needle through the medium of its point, while a segmental gage, R, scaled each way outward from its center and located in the line of the length of the frame, and in the opening L thereof, indicates and vmeasures the deviations of the needle through its plummet. Itis to be understood in this connection that the said wire'and segmental gage are arranged so that when the device rests upon a true level lines extending the point and plummet of the needle pass through their exact centers, and inasmuch as they are stationary and the needle oscillating any departures from a true level will be at once indicated by a deviation of the point and plummet from the said centers. By the arrange ment of a gage above and below the needle the indications of each may be observed for proving the other, and very accurate results obtained. In virtue of mounting the needle in universal bearings it is made very comprehensive in the range of its indications, as it indicates deviations from the true in the transverse line of the device as well as in the line of its length. rlhe needle, moreover, nds the level very quickly, its indications are easily read, vand from the top or from either side of the level it is practically unaffected by atmospheric conditions and is not exposed to injury. The level is also provided, as herein shown, with a Weighted needle mounted and operating essentially as that described, and located so as to be available for indicating deiiections from the perpendicular.

It is apparent that the construction and mounting of the needle and its gages are susceptible of some modification. The center of the wiregage may, for instance, be in some way marked, or another wire crossing it at right angles may be employed. If desired, also, the wire may be replaced by a glass having a cross or sight drawn upon it.v

IOO

I would therefore have it understood that I do not limit myself to the exact construction and arrangement of parts herein shown and described, but hold myself at liberty to make such slight changes and alterations therein as Y fairly fall within the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A carpenters level in which the indications are made by aweighted needle suspended in universal bearings, and having a gage located above its point, substantially as set forth.

2. A carpenters level in which the indications are made by aweighted needle suspended in universal bearings, and having a gage located below its Weight, substantially as set forth.

3. A carpenters level in which the indications are made by a weighted needle suspended in universal bearings, and having a gage lo- I,cated above its point, and consisting of a wire stretched across an opening formed inaplate set into the frame of the device, substantially as set forth.

4. A carpenters level in which the indications are made by a weighted needle suspended in universal bearings, and having a segmental gage situated below its weight and located, as

shown, in an opening formed in the frame of 3o the level, substantially as set forth.

5. A carpenters level in which the indica-` tions are made by a weighted needle suspended in universal bearings in an open chamber formed in the frame of the level, which is also adapted to expose the point and weight of the needle from its sides, substantially as set forth.

6. A carpenters level provided with a weighted needle suspended in universal bearings, a gage located above the point of the needle, and a gage located below its weight, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES G. DOHERTY.

Vi tnesses:

D. F. WEBSTER, H. L. VADE. 

